Andre Alexander^*

Department of Psychiatry, Royal Society of Medicine, London, UK

*Corresponding Author:: Andre Alexander
Department of Psychiatry, Royal Society of Medicine, London, UK
E-mail:access.mail@yandex.com

Received date: December31, 2021, Manuscript No. IPJPM-22-12280; Editor assigned date: January 03, 2022, PreQC No. IPJPM-22-12280 (PQ); Reviewed date: January 13, 2022, QC No IPJPM -22-12280; Revised date: January 24, 2022, Manuscript No. IPJPM-22-12280 (R); Published date: January 31, 2022, DOI: 10.36648/2572-5483.7.1.131
Citation: Alexander A (2022) Genetic Engineering, Eugenics, Autism and the Mmr Vaccine. J Prev Med Vol.7 No.1:131

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Keywords

ASD; MMR; Autism; Vaccine

Introduction

Background

Epidemiology of ASD and the Nazi eugenics movement

Hans Asperger, a Nazi eugenicist, is widely accredited with the discovery of ASD. He was in the group of the first researchers to describe autism and his extensive research in that field gave rise to the concept of an Autism spectrum disorder or ASD for short.

Asperger’s links to the eugenics movement in Nazi Germany are evident in that in 1938 when he was appointed to the post of director of the children's hospital in Vienna by a Dr. Hamburger, a Nazi supporter who promoted a ‘eugenicist vision of women as breeders and children as physical specimens’, he had described Dr. Hamburger as his mentor[1]. In that year, Asperger had lectured on ‘autistic psychopathy’ which supported Nazi views on racial purity and the implementation of sterilisation laws to stop inferior people from breeding.

In 1940, as an expert assigned to Vienna’s public health office, Asperger was responsible for screening people for hereditary diseases and had promoted forced sterilisation for positive eugenics. Asperger’s view of ‘autistic psychopathy’ was that the syndrome demonstrated a ‘failure of the instinct functions, an interference of understanding the situations, and disruption of relationships with other people’. But, he was also convinced that autistic children were “malicious and recalcitrance’.

In his 1944 doctoral thesis, Asperger proposed that ‘abnormal groups of children’ lacked ‘Gemüt’, which is the ability to take an interest in others and accordingly a lack of Gemüt justified euthanasia in the Nazi era. Accordingly, it is documented that Asperger had committed around 37 of his patients to Spiegelgrund, a children's clinic in Vienna, on the diagnosis that they did not have Gemüt or were intellectually bland.

In Spiegelgrund, doctors experimented on children or simply killed them. Around 800 children, including those who were disabled or sick were destroyed there. They had given the children barbiturates, which had mostly caused them to form pneumonia.

That Asperger had co-operated extensively with the Nazi regime and was involved in the deaths of many children is well-documented in the journal molecular autism .

ASD-what it is

ASD or Autism spectrum disorder affects information processing in the brain and the inter-connection to nerve cells and their organisation, but how this happens exactly is not completely understood. It is widely accepted to be a neurological disorder of early childhood origin whereby sufferers have difficulties with social interaction and communication, and perform restricted and repetitive behaviour. These symptoms usually come into play in the first three years of a child’ life and generally worsen in their future years.

The mainstream medical establishment continues to say that they do not know for certain what causes ASD, but suggest that it comes about by a combination of genetic and environmental factors. However, in recent times, there have been suggestions that it has causal links to vaccination at an early age.

In particular, according to the UK’s National Health Service (NHS) on autism: “Being autistic does not mean you have an illness or disease. It means your brain works in a different way from other people”. This information, however, is not borne out by the facts surrounding autism and can be considered significantly misleading in regard to the clinical nature of autism, its epidemiology and history as will be shown later on in this article.

Symptoms of autism

Autistic sufferers tend to have these tendencies:

•They generally avoid pointing at objects to show interest.

•They avoid looking at objects when another person points at them.

•They have trouble relating to others or not have an interest in other people at all.

•They avoid eye contact and want to be alone.

•They have trouble understanding other people’s feelings or talking about their own feelings.

•They prefer not to be held or cuddled, or might cuddle only when they want to.

•They appear to be unaware when people talk to them, but respond to other sounds.

•They are very interested in people, but do not know how to talk, play, or relate to them.

•They repeat or echo words or phrases said to them, or repeat words or phrases in place of normal language.

•They have trouble expressing their needs using typical words or motions.

•They do not play “pretend” games (for example, not pretend to “feed” a doll).

•They tend to repeat actions over and over again.

•They have trouble adapting when a routine changes.

•They have unusual reactions to the way things smell, taste, look, feel, or sound.

•They lose skills they once had (for example, stop saying words they were using).

The spectacular rise of autism

According the US Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), at the start of the millennium, the rate of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD, or Autism) was 1 in 150 and this rate was maintained for 2002[2].

However, since 2004, the rate of autism in the USA has increased significantly as follows:

•1 in 125 in 2004,

•1 in 110 in 2006,

•1 in 88 in 2008,

•1 in 68 in 2010 and 2012

•And in 2016-1 in 54.

Furthermore, a report published in the Journal of the American Academy of Pediatrics found that in during the study period 2009-2017, 1 in 6 (17%) children in the USA aged 3-17 years were diagnosed with a developmental disability which included ASD, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, blindness, cerebral palsy and others[3].

Autism in the UK and worldwide

In 1964, the medical research council undertook the trialling of measles vaccines for over 36,000 children in the UK and during 1986 to 1990, the vaccines' immunity was said to be 87% according to a report by researchers Ramsey, Moffat and O’Conner.

However, in that period and up to now, there have been high rises in the rates of ASD in the UK and worldwide[4].

In 1988, in the UK, the Measles, Mumps and Rubella (MMR) vaccine was introduced for children aged 13 to 15 months, with a catch up for children up to pre-school age.

In that year, according to research by published in BMC medicine entitled: "Rate of first recorded diagnosis of autism and other pervasive developmental disorders in United Kingdom general practice, 1988 to 2001", there was only one diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder (includes Pervasive Development Disorder (PDD). However, by the year 2001, this number had increased to 169[5] (Table 1).

Year	Number of case			Person years at risk			Crude Incidence rate (per 10000 person-years)			Male: Female incidence rate ratio	Age standardised Incidence ratio (S.I.R)
	All	M	F	All	M	F	All	M	F		All	M	F
1988	1	1	0	94474	49353	45121	0.11	0.20	0.2	∞	8	10	o
1989	6	6	0	260978	135542	125436	0.23	0.44	0.44	∞	19	22	0
1990	21	20	1	613830	332819	311012	0.33	0.6	0.27	187	28	32	8
1991	45	36	9	1118577	576722	541855	0.4	0.62	0.17	3.8	35	34	42
1992	45	37	8	1311605	675188	636417	0.34	0.55	0.13	4.3	31	31	33
1993	69	51	18	1376111	707674	668437	0.50	0.72	0.27	2.7	47	42	72
1994	77	61	16	1432528	735395	697134	0.54	0.83	0.23	3.6	52	49	64
1995	108	97	11	1476627	756200	720427	0.73	1.28	0.15	8.4	74	79	45
1996	102	85	17	1381242	705526	675716	0.74	1.21	0.26	4.8	78	78	77
1997	133	115	18	1283151	653791	629359	1.04	1.76	0.29	6.2	114	119	89
1998	192	152	40	1228058	624723	603335	1.56	2.43	0.66	3.7	leo	173	218
1999	231	193	38	1121383	568937	552446	2.06	3.39	0.69	4.9	242	244	231
2000	211	179	32	935906	474344	461562	2.26	3.77	0.69	5.4	277	284	244
2001	169	139	30	567058	287574	279483	2.98	4.83	1.07	4.5	365	361	388
All	1410	1172	238	14231526	7283787	6047739	0.99	1.61	0.34	4.8	100	100	100

Table 1: Autism rates in the UK in 2012 to the present time.

A UK Parliament report on autism prevalence in the UK which was based on research completed in 2012, found in that year, the affliction rate was around 700,000.

In 2020, the report of the UK’s national council on severe autism, noted a dramatic rise in autism among the UK's school children which was at the rate of 2% of the school population. By extrapolation as applied to the adult population in the UK, around 1.5 million in the UK are suffering from ASD–a pandemic increase of some 214% from 700,000 in 2012 only 8 years ago.

Autism rates worldwide

According to the World Health Organization (WHO) in 2020, 1 in 160 in the world suffer with ASD-around 50 million people worldwide.

Autism causes and vaccines

The World Health Organization opines that available scientific evidence suggests that there are probably many factors that make a child more likely to have an ASD, including environmental and genetic factors.

According to WHO, the available epidemiological data are conclusive that there is no evidence of a causal association between measles, mumps and rubella vaccines and ASD and that furthermore, there is also no evidence to suggest that any other childhood vaccine may increase the risk of ASD.

Research of Dr. Andrew Wakefield

Andrew Wakefield was a doctor at the Royal Free hospital in London who in the late 90’s published an article in a British medical journal called The Lancet. The article asserted that there was a link between autism and the measles vaccine from the cases he had examined whereby normally developing children got autistic symptoms soon after the MMR vaccine had been given to them.

However, his research was widely condemned by his regulatory body, the General Medical Council (GMC) which ruled that although his finding were scientific, he had acted “dishonestly and irresponsibly” as (in the main): 1. He had not gained the required approvals to conduct the research on the children and 2. Had failed to disclosed his role as a paid advisor in a lawsuit claiming that the MMR vaccine had damaged their children .

Post Wakefield MMR vaccines and autism research

An April 2019 paper entitled: Measles, mumps, rubella vaccination and autism: A nationwide cohort study, sponsored by the Danish ministry of health and the Nova Nordisk foundation, presented the outcome of a study to assess whether the MMR vaccine increased the risk for autism in children. The research was set in Denmark and covered the period 1999 to 2010 with a follow up to 2013[6].

Empirical nature of research and conflict of interest of researchers

The research was essentially empirical in nature and unlike Wakefield’s research, no individual medical charts had been studied for causal links and no experimental data had been relied upon.

Despite these limitations and also that the researchers had a conflict of interest, the research has been widely accepted as confirmation that there is no link between the MMR vaccine and autism.

The “conflict of interest” nature of the research is that it was jointly sponsored by the Danish ministry of health which via its vaccination policy in Denmark as conducted by its agency, the Danish Medicines Agency, and its co-sponsor The Nova Nordisk Foundation, had a vested interest in the research outcome showing that there is no link between the MMR vaccine and autism. The Nova Nordisk foundation, an international healthcare organization with strong links to the vaccine promoters, Bill and Melinda gates foundation as well as the major vaccine producers.

The MMR Vaccine

In 1971 the pharmaceutical company Merck was licensed to produce and sell its MMR vaccine which is predominantly used for MMR vaccinations worldwide.

How it works

The vaccine seeks to immunize against measles, mumps and rubella (German measles). The M-M-RVAXPRO vaccine injects elements into the body which are thought to be particles of the measles, mumps, and rubella viruses which have been made weak in anticipation that the subject’s immune system (the body's natural defenses) will make antibodies against the diseases and prevent the subject getting them.

The vaccine is composed of a number of potentially toxic materials which are thought to have an adverse effect, especially severe neurological ones and in some cases are morally and ethically non-conforming.

MMR Vaccine-M-M-RVAXPRO-composition and effects

The M-MRVAXPRO vaccine consists of the following components. Their adverse indications are indicated next to their descriptions.

It will be noted that one or more of these components are significantly linked to the development of ASD:

•Monosodium L-Glutamate (MSG): More commonly known as a food additive, MSG is also used as a stabilizer to help vaccines remain unchanged when exposed to heat, light, acidity or humidity. Adverse indication: MSG has been called an “excitotoxin,” which is a term used to describe a class of chemicals which by their over-stimulation of neuron receptors in the brain, cause them to die[7,8].

Furthermore, a 2014 paper in the journal, Archives of Medical Research, entitled,[9] Excitotoxicity triggered by neonatal monosodium glutamate treatment and blood-brain barrier function, by researchers Gudiño-Cabrera G, et al. concludes that excitotoxicity triggered by neonatal MSG treatment produces a significant pathophysiological impact on adulthood, which could be due to modifications in the Blood–Brain Barrier (BBB) permeability and vice versa.

•MSG’s links to autism was established in a paper published in the Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy entitled, Monosodium glutamate exposure at early development stage increases apoptosis and stereotypic behaviour risks on Zebrafish (danio rerio) larvae, by researchers Kurnianingsih N, et al. concludes that “..glutamate may give neurotoxic effects and contribute to Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)..”. In their study the researchers investigated prolonged exposure effects of 10 µg/mL MSG on intracellular calcium level, bax, bcl-2, ratio of bax/bcl-2 genes expression, caspase-3, apoptosis of brain cells and stereotypic behaviour of Zebrafish (danio rerio) larvae at their early developmental stages. Their research found that MSG exposure at early embryonic stage did increase brain cell damage and produced a significant behaviour changes. Adverse indication: Causes autism.

•Rubella virus2 Wistar RA 27/3 strain (live, attenuated): This compound again consists of antigens thought to be associated with the Rubella "virus". It is produced as attenuation (weakened version) of the antigen in the hope that an "immune" response will be produced. It is constructed utilizing WI-38 which is a diploid human cell line composed of fibroblasts (connective tissue) derived from lung tissue of a 3-month-gestation aborted female fetus. Adverse indication: Many may consider the use of materials from aborted babies promotes an industry of infant slaughter for commercial purposes[10].

•Recombinant Human Albumin (RHA): This is an artificial/genetically modified (GMO) DNA/genetic material for the replacement, addition, suppression, or deletion of the genetic composition of the body. It alters, or replaces the naturally-occurring Human Albumin (HA) in the body with is a serum-binding protein. If HA is not adequately and properly present in the body, severe illness, or death can result. It is constructed from the cells of aborted fetuses and other similar materials. Adverse indication: The long-term effects of the introduction of artificial genetically modified DNA into humans have not been researched specifically for adverse reactions. However, as rHA replaces, or suppresses naturally occurring HA, it is a potential severe disruptor as it genetically alters the body's genetic structure which could result in the recipient’s severe illness and death. Furthermore, many would object to how it is constructed in that this process utilizes the remains of aborted babies and as such may be morally unacceptable and unethical.

•Sucrose (sugar): This is used as a preservative or bulking agent. Adverse indication: Sucrose may contribute to the development of metabolic syndrome, including increased risk for type 2 diabetes, weight gain and obesity in adults and children[11].

•Hydrolyzed gelatin: (cooked fish and animal (normally pigs) collagen/skin parts. Adverse indication: it may provoke an allergic, or religious response from those whose religion does not permit them to consume pork.

•Medium 199 with Hanks' salts: This is an artificially engineered medium which is useful with in vitro (test tube) diagnostic serum for growth of a wide range of cells. Media 199 are formulated with either Earle's salts or Hank's salts. Adverse indication: Media utilizing Hank's salts are not designed for use within a human body.

•Sorbitol (E 420): Sorbitol is about 60% as sweet as sucrose (table sugar). It is used as a preservative or bulking agent in the manufacture of vaccines. Adverse indication: Sorbitol is contra-indicated for consumption by children under the age of 1 year as it may cause severe diarrhea. In that regard, it is to be noted that vaccination of children with the MMR vaccine starts from the age of 9 months.

•Measles virus1 Enders' Edmonston strain (live, attenuated): This is made up of antigens which are thought to be produced by the body when it fights infections such as measles. They are NOT "virus" particles, but rather part of the body's own DNA and are non-specific. Adverse indication: This element is cultured in chicken embryo cells and may induce an allergic response from those sensitive to poultry[12].

•Mumps virus1 Jeryl Lynn™ (Level B) strain (live, attenuated): This is made up of antigens which are thought to be produced by the body when it fights infections such as measles. They are NOT "virus" particles, but rather part of the body's own DNA and are non-specific. Adverse indication: this element is cultured in chicken embryo cells and may induce an allergic response from those sensitive to poultry.

•Neomycin: This is an antibiotic. Adverse indication: this element includes seizures as a side effect.

•Sodium phosphate: This is a drug used principally to induce diarrhoea. Adverse indication: One of its effects is seizures.

•Potassium phosphate: This is normally used for kidney stones. Adverse indication: No serious side effects have been found.

•Minimum Essential Medium, eagle (MEM): A compound used for cellular cultures.

•Adverse indication: None yet found.

•Phenol Red is both corrosive and toxic. It is used to improve the growth of cell cultures and is useful as a cell growth tracker. Adverse indication: if Phenol Red touches the skin it can burn through it and if swallowed it can cause problems as well. Deaths have been caused if it is on more than 25% of the skin area or if as little as 15 mL are consumed.

•Others: Sodium bicarbonate: antacid buffer; Hydrochloric acid (used to adjust pH); sodium hydroxide (used to adjust pH)

Conclusion

Whilst the exact origin and cause of ASD remain unclear, from the review of the vaccinology, in particular, the seminal work of Nia Kurnianingsih, Juliyatin Putri Utami, Nurdiana Nurdiana and Diana Lyrawat and considering the other MMR vaccine ingredients, there appears to be a serious causative link between the incidences of ASD and the vaccine's widespread use.

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