Journal of Preventive Medicine

Biomarkers in Breast Cancer as in Variations Quantitative Parameter Measurements

The term "Pregnancy-Associated Breast Cancer" (PABC) refers to breast cancer that is discovered during pregnancy, lactation, or within five years of giving birth. Pregnancyrelated malignancies are uncommon, but their incidence is rising. Up to 1 in 3000 births are affected by breast cancer, which is one of the most common cancers diagnosed during pregnancy. Due to their distinct biology and prognoses, updated definitions of breast cancer diagnosed during pregnancy (PrBC) and cancer diagnosed during the postpartum period (PPBC) have recently resulted from a new understanding of the pathophysiology of PABC. Breast cancer development is influenced by both protecting against cancer and encouraging tumor growth during pregnancy. The involution hypothesis, which proposes that remodelling programs activated in the immediate postpartum period are similar to wound healing and inflammation that may be associated with tumor development and progression, is the most likely hypothesis for the development of PABC. Although several hypotheses have been proposed over the years to explain these effects, Although PABCs are representative of all breast carcinoma subtypes; they are typically invasive ductal carcinomas with a high tumor grade, a large tumor size, a more advanced stage at presentation, and a higher rate of involvement of lymph nodes. The majority of PABCs have high Ki-67 proliferation rates and are hormone-negative tumors (also known as triple-negative or HER2-amplified tumors). Multiple studies have demonstrated that PABC tumors express more immune response mediators and have distinct genomic signatures from non-PABC tumors.

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Author(s): Theodore Elijah

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