Journal of Preventive Medicine

Description

Self-collected HPV testing and mHealth also demonstrated the potential to increase screening participation. Barriers to screening participation, which may persist even after an effective educational intervention, need to be the subject of additional research. Information about cancer prevention can now be disseminated effectively thanks to social media. However, little is known about how messages are designed to be widely shared. To determine the effects of sender type (individuals or organizations) and content type (personal experiences or factual information) on promoting the dissemination of messages about cervical cancer prevention on social media, we carried out a multi-method study. To investigate how tweet properties influence sharing behaviors, we carried out analyses at the group and tweet level. Medline and EMBASE databases were used to conduct a literature search. Between the years 2005 and 2020, original, peerreviewed English literature was examined. There were included 19 studies that looked at how health education interventions affected African women's awareness, knowledge, and willingness to get screened or vaccinated. Nine of the studies involved pre- and post-measurements in a single group, and ten were controlled trials. The majority of studies, including many from Nigeria, were published between 2015 and 2020 (86%).

Papillomavirus

Personal experience messages, while occasionally successful, are typically unsuccessful; however, for increased peer-to-peer dissemination, messages that make use of organizational senders and factual information have a reproducible causal effect. Worldwide, genital and/or pharyngeal cancers are caused by the Human Papillomavirus (HPV). The data on HPV genotype prevalence in this region of the country are severely lacking. One of the most effective methods of prevention currently available is HPV vaccination. The selection of appropriate vaccines and monitoring of vaccine efficacy and coverage are both greatly aided by HPV genotyping. The purpose of this study was to estimate the potential impact of HPV vaccines on invasive cervical cancer and determine the prevalence of the HPV genotype. More than one hundred thousand Indian women and their families annually lose their chance at a healthy and productive life to cervical cancer, which is caused by an infection with the human papillomavirus. Cervical cancer is a significant personal and societal burden. The World Health Organization states that the three-pronged strategy of screening, vaccination, and early treatment to reduce mortality offers the possibility of eliminating cervical cancer as a public health issue in the next ten years1. Unfortunately, In India, each of these strategies is associated with significant obstacles.

Negative social norms and gender were significant facilitators of stigma. These articles covered the following outcomes: HPV vaccination (six reports), cancer screening (19), diagnosis (8 reports), and treatment (8 reports) During COVID-19, decreases in HPV vaccination coverage and uptake were observed in seven studies. Access to screening services and diagnostic procedures was significantly impacted by the pandemic, according to activities related to cervical screening and cancer diagnosis.

Tweets about personal experiences and those sent by organizations were linked to more retweets. Informational tweets, on the other hand, were found to be shared significantly more frequently in the experimental study (19%, 95% CI: 11 to 27) than tweets about personal experience; and significantly more people shared senders from organizations (10%, 95% CI: 3 to 18) rather than distinct senders. Changes in self-image as a result of perceived or anticipated stigma, as well as discrimination, were among the experiences of stigma associated with HPV infection, cervical cancer, and abnormal screening results. The multiple dimensions of stigma associated with these outcomes in the US population are better understood thanks to this review. 1) The impact of stigma on participation in efforts to prevent cervical cancer should be investigated in future research; 2) Concentrate on US women who are most likely to be diagnosed with cervical cancer and die from it in order to identify differences in these dimensions and tailor interventions accordingly; 3) Include women from US regions with high rates of cervical cancer in the development of interventions that take into account potential regional variations in resource availability and demand. The prevalence of cervical cancer prevention is constrained by a lack of awareness and knowledge.

HPV Vaccination

The results of this systematic review as a whole call for immediate policy changes to restore cervical cancer prevention and treatment. HPV vaccination and screening can prevent cervical cancer, but uptake is below national targets. The US stigma surrounding HPV infection, vaccination, and cervical cancer screening was the subject of a scoping review. The Health Stigma and Discrimination Framework proposed by Stangl and colleagues was used to organize the results. Fear of social judgment and rejection, self-blame, and shame were common causes of stigma. Social norms that motivated individuals to receive HPV vaccination and screening were examples of positive facilitators.

The number of women with cervical lesions receiving treatment, as well as treatment delays and interruptions, were reported in all but one study that looked at cervical cancer treatment. COVID-19 and restriction measures caused a significant disruption in cervical cancer prevention and management, with a decrease in screening and treatment delays, during the first wave in 2020. First, we examined correlations between retweet activity and sender type and content type using observational Twitter data. After that, we constructed 900 experimental tweets using a 2 (sender type) by 2 (content type) factorial design to test their likelihood of being shared on an online platform and confirm the causal impact of message properties. Over the course of five days, 782 female participants were randomly assigned to 87 separate, nineperson online groups. Each group received a unique message feed consisting of 100 tweets taken from the four experimental cells. The majority of studies were conducted in communities and schools. Lectures, either by themselves or in combination with videos and hands-on demonstrations, were the most common form of intervention. Sixteen studies looked at awareness or knowledge, and all of them found that after the intervention, there was a statistically significant improvement. Six of the ten studies that examined screening uptake as a single outcome or in conjunction with knowledge or awareness discovered a significant increase in screening uptake following intervention. African women's knowledge and awareness increased as a result of educational interventions, as did some women's willingness to undergo cervical cancer screening, particularly when peer health educators and culturally appropriate methods were used.

The stigma associated with HPV infection and cervical cancer stems from the belief that both are caused by dangerous behavior, such as having multiple partners or not getting screened. Through the same actions, stereotypes and prejudice were practices of stigma that were linked to HPV infection and cervical cancer. The purpose of this systematic review was to identify effective educational strategies for increasing African women's screening or vaccination rates and awareness of cervical cancer. The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted healthcare services all over the world, including the treatment of cervical cancer, and it is anticipated that this condition will become more common. The evidence on the pandemic's impact on cervical cancer prevention, diagnosis, and treatment is compiled in this systematic review. In order to compare service access and care delivery prior to and during the COVID-19 pandemic, PubMed, Embase, and Scopus were searched for relevant studies on these topics. Findings were narratively discussed because of the studies' different methods. 33 articles, or 42 reports, were selected from the 715 titles and abstracts that were screened.